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The
Mangla Dam rises 453 feet (138 m) above ground level, is about
10,300 feet (3,140 m) wide at its crest, and has a volume of
85,500,000 cubic yards (65,400,000 cubic m). Along with its three
small subsidiary dams,...
 Historic
development
As
part of the Indus Waters Treaty signed in 1960, India gained
rights to the waters of the Ravi, Sutlej and Beas rivers, while
Pakistan, in addition to waters of the above three rivers within
Pakistan and some monetary compensation, received the rights to
develop the Jhelum, Chenab and Indus river basins through
construction of the Indus Basin Project. Until 1967, the entire
irrigation system of Pakistan was fully dependent on unregulated
flows of the Indus and its major tributaries.
The
agricultural yield was very low for a number of reasons, the most
important being a lack of water during critical growing periods.
This problem stemmed from the seasonal variations in the river
flow due to monsoons and the absence of storage reservoirs to
conserve the vast amounts of surplus water during those periods of
high river discharge.
The Mangla Dam was the first development project undertaken to
reduce this shortcoming and strengthen the irrigation system. The
dam was damaged partially during an Indian Air Force bombing in
the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 when the hydro project was hit by
the bombs.
The
Mangla Dam project
The
Mangla Dam is the twelfth largest dam in the world. It was
constructed in 1967 across the Jhelum River, about 100 miles (160
km) south-east of the Pakistani capital, Islamabad. The main
structures of the dam include 4 embankment dams, 2 spillways, 5
power-cum-irrigation tunnels and a power station.
The main dam is 10,300 feet (3140 m) long and 454 feet (138 m)
high (above core trench) with a reservoir of 97.7 square miles
(253 km²). Since its first impounding in 1967, sedimentation has
occurred to the extent of 1.13 million acre feet (1.39 km³), and
the present gross storage capacity has declined to 4.75 million
acre feet (5.86 km³) from the actual design of 5.88 million acre
feet (7.25 km³). The live capacity has declined to 4.58 million
acre feet (5.65 km³) from 5.34 million acre feet (6.59 km³). This
implies a reduction of 19.22% in the capacity of the dam.
The project was designed primarily to increase the amount of water
that could be used for irrigation from the flow of the Jhelum and
its tributaries. Its secondary function was to generate electrical
power from the irrigation releases at the artificial head of the
reservoir. The project was not designed as a flood control
structure, although some benefit in this respect also arises from
its use for irrigation and water supply.
The
Government of Pakistan had agreed to pay royalties to the
Government of Azad (Free) Jammu Kashmir for the use of the water
and electricity generated by the dam. Over 280 villages and the
towns of Mirpur and Dadyal were submerged and over 110,000 people
were displaced from the area as a result of the dam being built.
Some of those affected by the dam were given work permits for
Britain by the Government of Pakistan, and as a result, in many
cities in the UK over 80% of the 'Pakistani' community actually
originated from the Mirpur area of Azad Jamuu Kashmir. The dam is
undergoing uprising work.
Mangla Dam is about a 100 miles (160 km) south-east of the
Pakistani capital, Islamabad while Tarbela Dam is 60 miles (100
km) northwest.
Mangla Dam is under reconstrction at this moment in time.
Mangla
Airport
Summary
Airport type : Military
Operator : Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority
Serves Mangla
Elevation : AMSL 902 ft (275 m)
Coordinates : 33°03′00″N, 73°38′18″E
Runways:-
Direction :14/32
Length : 5,000 ft, 1,524 m.
Surface : Asphalt
Mangla Airport is situated 10 km (6.2 mi) from the city centre of
Mangla,
It is not being used by any
commercial airlines, but only for military purposes.
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